Suchergebnisse

THIS ARTICLE IS CONCERNED WITH EFFECTIVE LOCAL GOVERNMENT PARTICIPATION AT THE PROJECT SELECTION STAGE IN THE DEVELOPMENT PLANNING PROCESS. THE CONTEXT FOR ANALYSIS IS NIGERIA'S FIRST EXPERIENCE WITH LOCAL INVOLVEMENT IN NATIONAL PLANNING. A NOVEL EVALUATION SCHEME IS ELABORATED AND APPLIED IN ASSESSING THE PROPOSALS SUBMITTED BY TWO LOCAL GOVERNMENTS, KADUNA AND BAUCHI, FOR INCLUSION IN THE FOURTH NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN. THE FINDINGS REVEAL SERIOUS DISTORTIONS IN BOTH LOCAL DEVELOPMENT PLANS AND DEMONSTRATE THE UTILITY OF EMPLOYING AN UNCOMPLICATED MULTIDIMENSIONAL IMPACT ANALYSI SCHEME IN THE EVALUATION AND SELECTION OF PROJECT PROPOSALS.

IN THE CONTEXT OF A 1977 WHITE PAPER "A POLICY FOR THE INNER CITIES" CHANGES IN INNER AREA PROGRAMMES ARE REVIEWED. THERE IS AN INCREASED EMPHASIS ON ECONOMIC PROBLEMS, AND AN ATTEMPT TO REDIRECT RESOURCES TOWARD THE INNER AREAS THROUGH NEW ADMINISTRATIVE PROGRAMME PLANNING ARRANGEMENTS. THREE EXAMPLES ARE GIVEN WHICH ILLUSTRATE HOW THE MACHINERY INTRODUCED IN THE 1977 WHITE PAPER IS INCREASINGLY BEING BY-PASSED. THE CREATION OF ALTERNATIVE INSTITUTIONS, THE POLITICAL SIGNIFICANCE ATTACHED TO THEM AND THE ADMINISTRATIVE RESOURCES TO SUPPORT THEM ARE ALL EVIDENCE OF THE RELATIVE DOWN-GRADING OF THE ESTABLISHED INNER CITY PLANNING SYSTEM.

POST-INDUSTRIAL TENDENCIES INDICATE CHANGES IN THE COMPOSITION OF THE LABOR FORCE AND CHANGES IN WORLD-VIEW. INCREASINGLY, NEXT TO HIGHLY INTELLECTUAL WORK AND RATIONAL WAYS OF THINKING CAN BE FOUND WORK WITH AFFECTIVE CONTENT & EXISTENTIALLY BASED WAYS OF UNDERSTANDING. RATIONALISM LOSES EFFECTIVENESS AS A GUIDE TO SOCIAL ACTION BECAUSE IT LEADS TO FRAGMENTATION OF THE EXPERIENCED WORLD.

PLANNNING ORGANIZATIONS CALLED AREA AGENCIES ON AGING ARE BEING FORMED IN THE UNITED STATES TO COORDINATE LOCAL ORGANIZATIONS SERVING THE AGED. MUCH ACTIVITY WAS SPENT IN INDIVIDUAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL POWER STRUGGLES. THE RESERACH SUGGESTS THAT DEVISIVE POWER POLITICS AMONG COMMUNITY AGENCIES MAY STALEMATE AAA ACTION AND DISPLACE ULTIMATE SERVICE GOALS.

THE CONSTRUCTION OF SOCIAL INDICATORS AND THEIR INTEGRATION IN THE PLANNING PROCESS IN FRANCE HAVE THE SAME MOTIVES THAT HAVE GUIDED PLANNERS IN THE UNITED STATES, POORLY CONTROLLED ECONOMIC CHANGES, THE LACK OF A COHERENT PATTERN IN THE PRODUCTION AND USE OF STATISTICS, AND THE INTERDEPENDPENCE OF PUBLIC PROGRAMS CALLS FOR IMPROVEMENT IN THE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC INDICATOR OF SOCIAL PHENOMENA.

MILITARY PLANNERS AND STRATEGISTS REQUIRE NEW AND REFINED GUIDANCE TO MOVE INTO THE UNCHARTED POST-COLD WAR WATERS. THEY SHOULD CALL UPON THE RESOURCES PROVIDED BY ARMS CONTROL INITIATIVES. ARMS CONTROL OFFERS THE OPPORTUNITY TO NEGOTIATE PARITY AT THE LOWEST PRACTICAL LEVELS AND TO DEVELOP STRATEGIES AND FORCE STRUCTURES WITH A RELATIVELY HIGH ASSURANCE OF SUCCESS AGAINST POTENTIAL ENEMIES. THE STRATEGIC ARMS REDUCTION TALKS, CONVENTIONAL FORCES IN EUROPE, AND INTERMEDIATE-RANGE NUCLEAR FORCES TREATIES OFFER UNIQUE OPPORTUNITIES TO APPLY ARMS CONTROL AGREEMENTS TO ENHANCE DEFENSE PLANNERS' EFFORTS. FUTURE TREATIES SHOULD BE SHAPED BY DEFENSE NEEDS AS WELL AS BY ARMS CONTROL THEORIES AND BROADER FOREIGN POLICY CONCERNS.